Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel ni ubwoko bwihariye bwibyuma.Ubwa mbere, itandukanye muburyo bwa chimique nicyuma gisanzwe kitagira umwanda.Yerekeza ku byuma binini cyane bitarimo ibyuma birimo nikel ndende, chromium ndende, molybdenum.
Ukurikije microstructure iranga ibikoresho byuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bigabanijwemo ibyuma bya super ferritic, ibyuma bya super austenitike, ibyuma bya super martensitike, ibyuma bya super duplex bitagira ibyuma nubundi bwoko.
Ibyuma bya austenitike bitagira umuyonga
Hashingiwe ku byuma bisanzwe bya austenitis bitagira umuyonga, mugutezimbere ubuziranenge bwumusemburo, kongera umubare wibintu byingirakamaro, kugabanya ibirimo C, gukumira imvura ya Cr23C6 iterwa no kwangirika kwimiterere, kubona ibintu byiza byubukanishi, imitunganyirize yimikorere hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. , gusimbuza Ti itajegajega ibyuma.
Icyuma cyiza cya ferritic
Iragwa ibiranga imbaraga nyinshi, irwanya okiside nziza hamwe nindwara nziza yo kwangirika kwangirika kwicyuma gisanzwe cya ferritic.Mugihe kimwe, itezimbere imipaka yicyuma cya ferrite idafite ingese mugihe cyo gusudira cyinzibacyuho yoroheje, yunvikana no kwangirika hagati yimiterere no gukomera guke.Ultra-ferritic ibyuma bidafite ibyuma hamwe na Cr, Mo na ultra nkeya C na N birashobora kuboneka mugutunganya ikoranabuhanga, kugabanya ibiri muri C na N, ukongeramo ibintu bihamye no gusudira ibyuma bikomeretsa.Gukoresha ibyuma bya ferritic bitagira umuyonga mukurwanya ruswa no kurwanya ruswa ya chloride byinjiye mubyiciro bishya.
Ibyuma bya duplex bitagira umuyonga
Icyuma cyakozwe mu mpera za 1980.Ibirango nyamukuru ni SAF2507, UR52N, Zeron100, nibindi, birangwa nibirimo C bike, ibirimo Mo byinshi nibirimo N.Ibyiciro bya ferritic mubyuma bingana na 40% ~ 45%., hamwe no kurwanya ruswa nziza.
Ibyuma bya martensitike idafite ibyuma
Nicyuma gikomeye kitagira umuyonga gifite ubukana bwinshi, imbaraga no kwihanganira kwambara, ariko gukomera no gusudira.Ibyuma bisanzwe bya martensitike bidafite ibyuma bidafite imbaraga zihagije, byumva cyane guhangayika iyo byahinduwe, kandi biragoye kubikora mubikorwa bikonje.Mugabanye ibirimo karubone no kongera nikel, ibyuma bya super martensitike bitagira ibyuma birashobora kuboneka.Mu myaka yashize, ibihugu byashoye amafaranga menshi mugutezimbere ibyuma bya karubone nkeya na azote nkeya ya super martensitike, kandi bitegura icyiciro cya super martensitike ibyuma bitandukanye.Ibyuma bya super martensitike byakoreshejwe cyane mu gukoresha peteroli na gaze, ibikoresho byo kubika no gutwara abantu, amashanyarazi, inganda z’imiti, ibikoresho by’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru n’ubundi buryo.
Icyuma gikora
Hamwe nimihindagurikire y’ibisabwa ku isoko, ibyuma bitandukanye bidafite ingese hamwe n’imikoreshereze idasanzwe n'imikorere idasanzwe bikomeje kugaragara.Nka nikel nshya yubuvuzi nikel yubusa ibyuma bya austenitis ibyuma bidafite ibyuma cyane cyane Cr-Ni austenitis ibyuma bitagira ibyuma, bifite biocompatibilité nziza, birimo Ni 13% ~ 15%.Nickel ni ubwoko bukangura ibintu, aribwo teratogene na kanseri itera ibinyabuzima.Gukoresha igihe kirekire nikel irimo nikel irimo ibyuma bidafite ingese buhoro buhoro bisenya kandi birekura Ni ion.Iyo Ni ion ikungahaye mumyanya hafi yo guterwa, ingaruka zuburozi zirashobora guterwa kandi ingaruka mbi nko gusenya selile no gutwika bishobora kubaho.Cr-Mn-N ubuvuzi bwa nikel budafite ibyuma bya austenitike bidafite ibyuma byakozwe na Institute of Metal Research, Academy of Science of China byapimwe ko biocompatibilité, kandi imikorere yayo iruta iy'ibyuma bya Cr-Ni austenitis bitagira umuyonga mu gukoresha amavuriro.Urundi rugero ni antibacterial stainless ibyuma.Hamwe niterambere ryimibereho yabantu, abantu barushaho kwita kubidukikije nubuzima bwabo, biteza imbere ubushakashatsi niterambere ryibikoresho bya antibacterial.Kuva mu 1980, ibihugu byateye imbere bihagarariwe n’Ubuyapani byatangiye kwiga no gukoresha ibikoresho bya antibacterial mu bikoresho byo mu rugo, gupakira ibiryo, ibikenerwa buri munsi, ibikoresho byo koga n'ibindi.Nissin Steel na Kawasaki Steel bakoze antibacterial stainless ibyuma birimo cu na ag.Umuringa wa antibacterial umuringa wongeyeho mubyuma bidafite ingese 0.5% ~ 1.0%, nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe budasanzwe, kuburyo ibyuma bitagira umwanda kuva hejuru kugeza imbere imbere yumwenda.Gutatanya imvura ε-Cu bigira uruhare rwa antibacterial.Uyu muringa urimo ibyuma bya antibacterial bidafite ibyuma bikwiranye nibicuruzwa bitandukanye nk'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bihendutse, kimwe n'ibindi bicuruzwa bifite ibisabwa cyane mu gutunganya ibintu ndetse na antibacterial.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-16-2023