Gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda munganda za peteroli na peteroli

Gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda munganda za peteroli na peteroli

Ibyuma bitagira umwanda ukurikije ibigize imiti birashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bitagira umwanda, CR-Ni ibyuma bitagira umwanda, CR-Ni-Mo ibyuma, nkuko umurima wabisabye ushobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bitavura ibyuma, ibyuma byangiza ikirere byangiza ibyuma, birwanya- okiside idafite ibyuma, Cl - kwangirika kwangirika.Ariko ibyiciro bikunze gukoreshwa mubyiciro bikurikije imiterere yicyuma kugirango ushyire mubyiciro, mubisanzwe birashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bya ferritic, ibyuma bitagira ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bitagira ibyuma bya martensitike, ibyuma bya duplex bitagira umuyonga hamwe n’imvura ikomera ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Mubikomoka kuri peteroli na peteroli, ibyuma bya austenitike bitagira umuyonga, ferritic stainless ibyuma na duplex ibyuma bitagira ibyuma bifite igice kinini.
Ibyuma bya ferritic bitagira ibyuma Cr muri rusange hagati ya 13% -30%, C mubusanzwe ntabwo iri munsi ya 0,25%, binyuze muri annealing cyangwa gusaza, karbide mumvura yimipaka ya ferritic, kugirango igere kubirwanya ruswa.Muri rusange, kurwanya ruswa yo kwangirika kwicyuma cya ferritic kiri munsi yicyuma cya austenitike kitagira ibyuma na duplex ibyuma, ariko birenze ibyuma bya martensitike.Ariko kubera igiciro gito cyumusaruro ugereranije nibindi byuma bidafite umwanda, kubwibyo, mubikoresho bya chimique na peteroli, kubishobora kwangirika kwangirika kwingufu nimbaraga zisabwa ntabwo biri murwego rwo gusaba.Nko mu mavuta ya sulfure, hydrogène sulfide, ubushyuhe bwicyumba cya acide nitricike, aside karubone, inzoga ya hydrogène ammonia, urea itanga amoniya yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, inzoga za urea na vinylon ikora vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile nibindi bidukikije irakoreshwa cyane.

Muri rusange Cr yibigize martensitike idafite ibyuma biri hagati ya 13% -17%, naho C iri hejuru, hagati ya 0.1% na 0.7%.Ifite imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera no kwambara birwanya, ariko kurwanya ruswa ni bike.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikomoka kuri peteroli na peteroli mubidukikije aho imiti yangirika idakomeye, nko gukomera kwinshi hamwe ningaruka ziterwa ningaruka, nka blade turbine, bolts nibindi bice bifitanye isano nibigize.

Ibiri muri Cr mubyuma bya austenitike bidafite ibyuma biri hagati ya 17% -20%, ibikubiye muri Ni biri hagati ya 8% -16%, naho ibiri muri C biri munsi ya 0,12%.Imiterere ya austenitis irashobora kuboneka mubushyuhe bwicyumba wongeyeho Ni kugirango wagure austenitike ihinduka.Austenitike idafite ibyuma birwanya ruswa, plastike, ubukana, imikorere yo gutunganya, imikorere yo gusudira, imikorere yubushyuhe buke ugereranije nibindi byuma bitagira umwanda nibyiza cyane, kubwibyo kuyikoresha mubice bitandukanye nayo ni nini cyane, ikoreshwa hafi 70% yumubare wuzuye by'ibyuma byose.Mu rwego rwa peteroli na peteroli, imiti ikomeye yangirika hamwe nubushyuhe buke, ibyiza byibyuma bya austenitike bitagira umuyonga ni binini, nko kurwanya ruswa cyane, cyane cyane igice cyimbere mukurwanya ibidukikije byangirika, nko guhinduranya ubushyuhe / guhuza imiyoboro, cryogenic umuyoboro wa gazi isanzwe (LNG), nka urea, ibikoresho bya sulferi ammonia, ibikoresho byo gukuramo ivumbi rya flue hamwe nigikoresho cya desulfurizasi.

Duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga byatejwe imbere hashingiwe ku cyiciro kimwe cyicyuma kidafite ingese, ibiyirimo ni muri rusange hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyicyuma cya austenitike kitagira ibyuma Ni, kugabanya igiciro cya alloy.Icyuma cya Austenitike kitagira ingese gifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi gikora neza, gikemura intege nke za ferritic na martensitike zidafite ibyuma byangirika, imbaraga za austenitike zidafite ibyuma no kwihanganira kwambara.Mu rwego rwa peteroli na peteroli, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumazi yo mu nyanja yangirika kwangirika kwamavuta yo mu nyanja, ibice bya acide nibikoresho, cyane cyane mugushira ibice birwanya ruswa.

Imvura ishimangira ibyuma bidafite umwanda ahanini binyuze muburyo bwo kongera imvura kugirango ibone imbaraga nyinshi, iranatanga imbaraga zayo zo kurwanya ruswa, bityo ntigikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwangirika, ubusanzwe bukoreshwa mubucukuzi bwa peteroli na mashini nizindi nganda.

Gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda munganda za peteroli na peteroli

Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli n’inganda n’inganda n’inkingi y’ubukungu bw’igihugu, zigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu.Mu myaka 20 ishize, umuyoboro wibyuma utagira umuyonga waba umuyoboro udafite kashe cyangwa umuyoboro usudira murwego rwikoranabuhanga mu musaruro wateye imbere cyane.Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ingese wakozwe na bamwe mu bakora uruganda rugeze ku rwego rushobora gusimbuza burundu ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, bikamenya aho umuyoboro w’icyuma uherereye.

Mu nganda za peteroli na peteroli, umuyoboro wibyuma udakoreshwa cyane cyane muri sisitemu yo gutanga imiyoboro, harimo umuyoboro w’itanura ry’umuvuduko ukabije, imiyoboro, umuyoboro wa peteroli, umuyoboro utanga amazi, umuyoboro w’ubushyuhe n’ibindi.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda birasabwa gukora neza muri serivisi itose na aside.